Bioconcentration of Pesticides in Fish from Rivers and Lakes

Pesticide contamination of river and lake waters from agriculture use is a problem of worldwide importance. Many field data on the pesticide contamination of surface waters and aquatic organisms in rivers and lakes (Amaraneri & Pillala, 2001, Abdel-Halim et al., 2006; Agradi et al., 2000; California Environmental Protection Agency, 2002; California Regional Water Quality Control Board, 2002; California State Water Resources Control Board, 2002; Domagalski, 1996; 1997; Environment Canada, 2002; Ganapathy et al., 1997; Gfrerer et al., 2002a; 2002b; Harman-Fetcho et al., 1999; Hall, 2003; Laabs et al., 2002; Lekkas et al., 2004; Leong et al., 2007; Mansour et al., 2001; Mansour & Sidky, 2003; McConnell et al., 2004; Oros et al., 2003; Rovedatti et al., 2001; Struger et al., 2004; Sudo et al., 2002a; 2002b; 2004; Tanabe et al., 2001; Tsuda et al., 1996a; 1997a; 1998; 1999; Vitanov et al., 2003; Washington State Department of Ecology, 1999; 2000) have been reported in the world. This chapter consisted of (1) Field surveys on pesticide contaminations in rivers and lakes, (2) Bioconcentration of pesticides in the field fish (3) Bioconcentration of pesticides in fish by laboratory experiments (4) Evaluation of the pesticide contamination in the field fish by their laboratory bioconcentration potential data 1. Diazinon, fenitrothion, malathion and fenthion were selected as insecticides and atrazine, simazine, simetryn, molinate and benthiocarb, mefenacet and pretilachlor as herbicides. Surveys on the contamination of the 4 insecticides (Abdel-Halim et al., 2006; Ministry of the Environment, Japan, 2001; Mansour & Sidky, 2003; Ohtsuki, 1994; Tsuda et al., 1992a; 1994; 1998; 2009) and the 7 herbicides (Chiba Prefecture, 2002; 2003; Kanagawa Prefecture, 2000; 2001; Ministry of the Environment, Japan, 1993; 1999; Takino et al., 1998; Tsuda et al., 1996a; 1997a; 2009; Watanugi et al., 1993) in water and fish from rivers and lakes in the world were reviewed from literatures in the past. 2. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) of each 11 pesticide in the field fish was calculated as its bioconcentration potential from the data on the pesticide concentration in the water and fish from the rivers and lakes in the world. 3. Laboratory BCF data of the 11 pesticides in fresh-water fish were reviewed from literatures in the past for the 4 insecticides (Allison & Hermanutz, 1977; De Bruijn & Hermens, 1991; Escartin & Porte, 1996; Fisher, 1985;Goodman et al., 1979; Kanazawa, 1975; 1978; 1981; 1983; 1987; Keizer et al., 1991; 1993; Lockhart et al., 1983; Miyamoto et al., 1979; Nihon Kagaku-busshitsu Anzen-Jyohou Center, 1992; Sancho et al., 1992; 1994; Seguchi & Asaka, 1981; Takimoto et al., 1984; 1987; Tsuda et